The standard recommendation is an off-cycle period equal to or longer than the cycle length
doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)96014-X
Cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction in oxidative stress
Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 13:20420188221083530 Xiong Z, Liao Y, Zhang Z, Wan Z, Liang S, Guo J (2025) Molecular insights into oxidative-stress-mediated cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies
Finally, 7 pathways grouped within the biosynthesis class were also significantly less abundant with an increase in NR, which were (I) the diacylglycerol biosynthesis III pathway, (II) and (III) the NAD salvage pathways I and V (PNC IV and V cycles), (IV) and (V) the phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis I and II (plastidic non plastidic) pathways, (VI) the isoprene biosynthesis I pathway and (VII) the methylerythritol phosphate pathway II