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youths between 12 and 17 years of age, as well as their parents, were obtained from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study

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One study found e-cigarette use was associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second ([FEV1] 4.6 versus 5.2, P = 0.007) and lower ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity ([FEV1/FVC] 77.4 versus 83.4, P = 0.001).[44] Since smokers of combustible cigarettes were excluded from this study, these results suggest that e-cigarette use may be independently associated with obstructive airway changes

famously observed on January 11, 1979 (the fifteenth anniversary of the publication of the landmark US Surgeon Generals report on smoking and health) that now women who smoke like men die like men who smoke. By 1986, deaths from lung cancer in women had surpassed those of breast cancer, and by the early-2000s more cases of lung cancer were being diagnosed in women than in men

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