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27,28 In addition, E-cig vapor condensate (EVC) promotes a significant increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), MMP 9, and IL-6 in cultured alveolar macrophages, 29 and additionally suppresses cellular antioxidant defense within cultured epithelial cells

23,25 Using cross-sectional data, Mitchell et al's 23 study with 12- to 17-year-old never smokers found that images of all four standardized cigarette packs with different pack structures (regular, beveled-edge, slim, shoulder box) were considered off-putting, with the vast majority (87%) indicating that they would select none of the packs if offered

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Understanding the different e-cigarette device types will help you determine how much e-liquid you will need to get the nicotine equivalent of a pack of cigarettes