SBP, DBP, HR, body weight (BW), and CO were evaluated at all study visits
Front Pharmacol
For nicotine-free vaping specifically, most carriers that test for cotinine will produce a non-smoker classification when labs return negative the absence of measurable nicotine metabolites in lab results generally leads to non-smoker class regardless of the vaping behavior itself
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She wrote the Boston bookseller Charles Goodspeed, who contacted Owen Young