The agency has also expanded its investigation into e-cigarette companies in an effort to uncover whether they are marketing products illegally and outside the agencys compliance policy
Nicotine hijacks the brains stress response, says Miller, creating a chemical trap that mimics anxiety relief while actually fueling it. It does so by triggering the release of both dopamine, which feels good, and cortisol, the bodys primary stress regulator, which activates your fight or flight response
Perhaps the best compromise would be to keep the health warning in a neutral sans-serif, but put the product information in the OCR-B
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doi: 10.3389/fradm.2026.1723536 Received 20 October 2025 Revised 23 February 2026 Accepted 24 February 2026 Published 27 March 2026 Volume 4 - 2026 Edited by Betsy Thom, Middlesex University, United Kingdom Reviewed by Cristiana Vale Pires, Catholi University of Portugal, Portugal Uzma Tahniyath, Osmania University, India Updates Copyright 2026 Fainardi, Barbetta, Petz, Rizzo, Ruberti and Esposito