On the one hand, the stimulant is stripped of the toxic substances that make up a cigarette, and a review of clinical trials using nicotine replacement therapy to quit smoking (which includes not just patches, but gum, sprays, and oral preparations as well) published by the Cochrane Collaboration failed to find serious complications from its use in over 64,000 participants
There are no FDA-approved Nicotine Replacement Therapies (NRTs) for youth, and no evidence of the effectiveness of such therapies when used, off-label, to treat youth
No glue, no nicotine, and no overpowering aftertaste
By some accounts, this has been attributed, in part, to unsafe sexual practices among men who have sex with men, increased promiscuity among all genders, prostitution, and decreasing use of barrier protection
Further, in vitro studies have shown that the upregulation of protein expression for CCL5 and VCAM-1 occurs, in addition to various other protumorigenic factors in BC cells, following exposure to E-cig vapor