It would be a mistake to read this article as saying topical GHK-Cu is definitively proven only that it has more, and more directly relevant, human evidence than the injectable route
Immediate IgE-mediated reactions have been reported but are much less common than delayed cutaneous reactions
This review examines the molecular mechanisms through which red blood cells adapt to hypoxic conditions, including nitric oxide (NO)-driven changes in membrane properties, Cys93-dependent S-nitrosylation, adenosine-induced activation of glycolysis, and the development of hypoxic memory via eENT1 degradation
The production of H 2 S and its role in bioenergetics and signalling will be addressed later in the article
The evidence was based on experimental data only briefly described in the patent and included models of: gastric ulcers, heart damage, liver damage, pancreatic injury, kidney damage, experimental diabetes, fever, edema, rhinitis, bone fracture, burns, skin wounds, hypersensitivity reactions, pupil dilation, colon injury, tumour growth, radiation injury, red blood cell development, fertility and lactation, tooth damage, several types of central and peripheral nerve damage, and survival from infection with Trichinosis (i.e., tapeworms) as well as several viruses
