More recently, the use of IPI504 (Retaspimycin, a synthetic derivative of Geldanamycin), in an in vitro model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on senescent ARPE-19 (human arising retinal pigment epithelial cells), leads to a decrease of SA--Galactosidase positive cells, associated with a downregulation of senescence-associated gene expression as well as SASPs secretion, suggesting that in some cases HSP90 inhibitors could also be used as senomorphics 27
doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.01.007, 16
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Contributing factors include: reduced nutritional intake (proteins, essential amino acids, competition between amino acid transporters, vitamin insufficiency [riboflavin: GSSG reductase, nicotinic acid: NADPH, pyridoxine (B 6 ): SAMe pathway], mitochondrial dysfunction: ATP deficiency, down regulation SAMe synthase, oxidation of SAMe pathway enzymes, enhanced GSH utilization: conjugation reactions (toxins, drugs), and overwhelming oxidative challenge
Studies suggest that intraocular irrigating solutions which are iso-osmotic with normal aqueous fluids should be used with caution in diabetic patients undergoing vitrectomy since intraoperative lens changes have been observed
