While Spirulina primarily exerts antidiabetic effects through anti-inflammatory pathways, modulation of insulin signaling, and inhibition of -amylase and -glucosidase, red alg-derived peptides provide complementary enzymatic targets, enhancing incretin (GLP-1 and GIP) hormone activity, and vasodilation (70)
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[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 49.Veldhuizen EJ, Schneider VA, Agustiandari H, Van Dijk A, Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JL, et al
Exosomes derived from pericardial adipose tissues attenuate cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction by Adipsin-regulated iron homeostasis