After the pain has subsided, the patient is usually able to function normally because the short head is sufficient to take over flexion activities
In The High Costs of Low-Grade Inflammation, Dantzer points out that during chronic inflammation, insulin resistance in the brain decreases glucose and protein metabolism in the astrocytes, forcing the neurons to rely more heavily on the less efficient process of lipid metabolism for energy
Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3), an important transcription factor, reduces lipid peroxidation and intracellular iron accumulation by upregulating antioxidant genes and inhibiting the NF-B/MAPK signaling pathway, thereby lessening chondrocyte ferroptosis and ECM degradation (Zhao et al., 2023)
Accessed 17 May 2010
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