As illustrated in Figure 1, characteristic alterations in the erythrocyte membrane, such as blebbing, cellular shrinkage, and externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), are observed during eryptosis, mirroring features typical of apoptotic cell death ( FIGURE 1 A key mediator of eryptosis is the rise in cytosolic Ca 2+ , which can be induced by osmotic shock, oxidative stress, or other stimuli (Qadri et al., 2012)
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MSC-Exos prevent ferroptosis through various mechanisms, including the delivery and regulation of GPX4, as shown in different experimental models [150, 158]
Animal food sources such as eggs and chicken, as well as dairy products, are also known to boost glutathione production [1, 2]
Sammarco R, Marra M, Di Guglielmo ML, Naccarato M, Contaldo F, Poggiogalle E, Donini LM, Pasanisi F