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It alters brain chemistry, leading to cravings, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms such as tremors, nausea, and seizures in extreme cases

Moehring 2007, p

Guidelines for cross-cultural participatory action research partnerships: A case study of a customary seabird harvest in new Zealand

The interdisciplinary study analyzed metabolites (molecules produced by cellular chemical reactions) from the exhaled breath of participants to analyze how airways responded

Altria, the sterilized, market-friendly name for the Marlboro-maker formerly known as Phillip Morris, has just invested $12.8 billion in three-year-old e-cigarette giant Juul , valuing the company at $38 billion