They may be used alone or synergistically with antifungals to alter gene expression related to adhesion, mycelial or biofilm formation, reduce extracellular polysaccharides, decrease surface hydrophobicity, or inhibit efflux pumps
These biological reactions induce the inhibition (and sometimes the activation) of enzymes, receptors, transporters, and membrane channels, as well as protein aggregation, impairment of cellular signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA injury, and lipid peroxidation [74,85]
Various methods exist for tissue transplantation methods involving epidermal grafting, minigrafting and thin dermo-epidermal grafting
The mechanism of NB-UVB therapy in vitiligo involves inducing an increase in the release of melanocyte-stimulating growth factors by keratinocytes, which may promote proliferation of nearby melanocytes 63
But as these medications became more common, another concern became more visible: some weight lost during treatment may come from lean mass, not just fat
