The primary cause of B12 deficiency in dogs is a problem with absorption
As I elaborate on in my video The Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency , these include: Abdominal distention Chronic diarrhea Shortness of breath Swollen, red, painful feet Skin darkening Bilateral useless hand syndrome Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet Muscle cramps Dizziness Cognitive disturbances Difficulty walking Erectile dysfunction Fatigue Depression Psychosis Coma Blindness Vitamin B12 Deficiency Treatment Is A Vitamin B12 Shot Better Than Taking B12 Orally
thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2014)
Infection, injury, autoimmune activity, obesity, smoking, and other conditions may raise it
Consider listing peptides with known anti-inflammatory affinity: thymosin beta-4, BPC-157, and specific small synthetic peptides that target cytokine cascades