Some research from Germany has shown that an even higher threshold (over 500 pg/mL) is necessary in early-to-mid pregnancy to maintain vitamin B12 levels throughout pregnancy, lactation, and to support an infants vitamin B12 status (via breast milk) through 6 months of age
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Why B12 Matters: Vitamin B12 is essential for: Red blood cell production DNA synthesis Nerve function Mental clarity Energy metabolism Its especially critical for vegetarians, vegans, older adults, or those with conditions like pernicious anemia or digestive malabsorption issues (e.g., celiac, Crohns, or low stomach acid)
Cell death was further assessed by counting nuclei and Propidium Iodide (PI) staining ( Figures 1D, E )
In the spreadsheet B12 Doses and Absorption, we provide the calculations for B12 regimens for vegans to meet the IOMs RDA and the EFSAs AI