Zonulin is a protein that regulates the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier
The disorder can be inherited although it is most often the result of a sporadic mutation in one of the parental gametes
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00159 93 ThioCLChiPYLaiACChangYJ
9 The GSH redox cycle (the balance between GSH and GSSG) has been shown to be more effective than catalase in hydrogen peroxide detoxification in endothelial cell cultures
Furthermore, HSP70 could be considered a potential marker to evaluate disease activity.3,5,6 On the other hand, MxA protein (human mixovirus resistance protein 1), inducible by IFN-, shows strong expression in active perilesional vitiligo skin, suggesting a contributing effect of IFN- in disease progression.7 Similarly, S100B is another DAMP released by damaged melanocytes, whose levels are increased in active vitiligo and can stimulate inflammatory responses.8 Also, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) proteins can induce the production of chemokine ligands, such as CXCL1 or IL-8 by keratinocytes, acting in the recruitment of immune cells.9 Calreticulin (CRT) is another of the most studied molecules in vitiligo, as it induces melanocyte apoptosis and the release of membrane degradation products important for immunogenicity.10 Melanocyte adhesion deficiency Several research groups have demonstrated that melanocytes in vitiligo exhibit reduced adhesive properties
